List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis

The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Karolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.[1] They were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation. Another prize, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, for contributors to the field of economics.[2] Each prize is awarded by a separate committee; the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics, the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Prize in Peace.[3] Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a cash prize that has varied throughout the years.[2] In 1901, the winners of the first Nobel Prizes were given 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. In 2008, the winners were awarded a prize amount of 10,000,000 SEK.[4] The awards are presented in Stockholm in an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.[5]

As of 2008, there have been 22 laureates affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis. Washington University considers laureates who attended the university as undergraduate students, graduate students or were members of the faculty as affiliated laureates.[6] Arthur Compton, the chancellor of the university from 1945 to 1953, was the first laureate affiliated with the university, winning the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927.[7] Four Nobel Prizes were shared by Washington University laureates; Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Spencer Gasser won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine,[8] Carl Ferdinand Cori and wife Gerty Cori won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine,[9] Arthur Kornberg and Severo Ochoa won the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine,[10] and Daniel Nathans and George Davis Snell won the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[11] Seventeen Washington University laureates have won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, more than any other category.[6] With the exception of Daniel Nathans, who received his M.D. from Washington University, all Washington University laureates have been members of the university faculty.

Laureates

Year Image Laureate Relation Category Rationale
1927 Compton, ArthurArthur Compton Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 1920–1923 and 1945–1962, Chancellor, 1945–1953 Physics "for his discovery of the effect named after him"[7]
1943 Doisy, Edward AdelbertEdward Adelbert Doisy Faculty of Medicine, 1919–1923 Physiology or Medicine "for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K"[12]
1944 Erlanger, JosephJoseph Erlanger Chairman, Department of Physiology, 1910–1946 Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres"[8]
1944 Gasser, Herbert SpencerHerbert Spencer Gasser Faculty of Medicine, 1916–1931 Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres"[8]
1947 Cori, Carl FerdinandCarl Ferdinand Cori Faculty of Medicine, 1931–1984 Physiology or Medicine "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen"[9]
1947 Cori, GertyGerty Cori Faculty of Medicine, 1931–1957 Physiology or Medicine "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen"[9]
1959 Kornberg, ArthurArthur Kornberg Chairman, Department of Microbiology, 1952–1959 Physiology or Medicine "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid"[10]
1959 Ochoa, SeveroSevero Ochoa Faculty of Medicine, 1940–1942 Physiology or Medicine "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid"[10]
1969 Hershey, AlfredAlfred Hershey Faculty of Medicine, 1934–1950 Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses"[13]
1970 Leloir, Luis FedericoLuis Federico Leloir Faculty of Medicine, 1944 Chemistry "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates"[14]
1971 Sutherland Jr., Earl WilburEarl Wilbur Sutherland Jr. M.D., 1942, Resident in Internal Medicine, 1943–1945, Faculty of Medicine, 1945–1953 Physiology or Medicine "for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones"[15]
1974 de Duve, ChristianChristian de Duve Faculty of Medicine, 1946–1947 Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell"[16]
1978 Nathans, DanielDaniel Nathans M.D., 1954 Physiology or Medicine "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics"[17]
1978 Smith, Hamilton O.Hamilton O. Smith Washington University Medical Service, 1956–1957 Physiology or Medicine "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics"[17]
1980 Berg, PaulPaul Berg Faculty of Medicine, 1954–1959 Chemistry "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA"[18]
1980 Snell, George DavisGeorge Davis Snell Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 1933–1934 Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions"[11]
1986 Cohen, StanleyStanley Cohen Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 1953–1959 Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries of growth factors"[19]
1986 Levi-Montalcini, RitaRita Levi-Montalcini Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 1948– Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries of growth factors"[19]
1992 Krebs, Edwin G.Edwin G. Krebs M.D., 1943, Resident in Internal Medicine, Research Fellow in Biological Chemistry, 1945–1948 Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism"[20]
1993 North, DouglassDouglass North Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 1983– Economics "for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change."[21]
1998 Furchgott, Robert F.Robert F. Furchgott Faculty of Medicine, 1949–1956 Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"[22]
2004 Ciechanover, AaronAaron Ciechanover Visiting Professor of Pediatrics, 1987– Chemistry "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"[23]

References

General
Specific
  1. ^ "Alfred Nobel – The Man Behind the Nobel Prize". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/. Retrieved 2008-10-18. 
  2. ^ a b "The Nobel Prize". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/. Retrieved 2008-10-18. 
  3. ^ "The Nobel Prize Awarders". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/prize_awarders/. Retrieved 2008-10-18. 
  4. ^ "The Nobel Prize Amounts". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-07-31. http://web.archive.org/web/20080731233358/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/amounts.html. Retrieved 2008-10-18. 
  5. ^ "The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-08-22. http://web.archive.org/web/20080822184717/http://nobelprize.org/award_ceremonies/. Retrieved 2008-10-18. 
  6. ^ a b "WU Libraries: Washington University's Nobel Prize Winners". Washington University in St. Louis. http://library.wustl.edu/units/spec/archives/facts/nobelprizes.html. Retrieved 2008-10-18. 
  7. ^ a b "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1927/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-17. 
  8. ^ a b c "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1944/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-17. 
  9. ^ a b c "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1947/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-17. 
  10. ^ a b c "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1959/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-17. 
  11. ^ a b "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1980/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-18. 
  12. ^ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1943/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-17. 
  13. ^ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1969/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-17. 
  14. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1970/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-17. 
  15. ^ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1971/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-17. 
  16. ^ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-17. 
  17. ^ a b "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1978/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-17. 
  18. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1980/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-18. 
  19. ^ a b "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1986/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-18. 
  20. ^ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1992/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-18. 
  21. ^ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1993". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1993/. Retrieved 2008-10-18. 
  22. ^ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1998/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-18. 
  23. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2004/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-18. 

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